Have you ever wondered what Spring AI is and how it fits into the world of software development? If you’re already familiar with Spring Boot, you might be curious about how Spring AI is different, and why developers are starting to pay attention to it. In this article, we’re going to explore all of that and more.
♦We’ll start by understanding what Spring AI really is, why it was created, and how it changes the way we develop AI applications compared to traditional AI programming. I’ll walk you through its key features, advantages, and even some limitations, so you get a clear picture of what it brings to the table.
Along the way, we’ll see how Spring AI makes building AI products easier, compare it briefly with Python, and discuss whether learning it could be a smart move for your career. By the end, you’ll have a practical understanding of how to use Spring AI and why it’s generating excitement in the developer community.
So, let’s dive in and start with the most important question, What exactly is Spring AI?
What is Spring AI?Most of us already have a basic understanding of the Spring ecosystem, but before we go deeper into Spring AI, it’s worth doing a quick recap.
Spring Boot is a Java-based backend framework that makes it easy and fast to build modern applications such as REST APIs, microservices, and web applications. With Spring Boot, developers can create APIs, connect to databases using technologies like JPA and Hibernate, secure applications with JWT and OAuth, and build scalable microservices — all with minimal configuration and a lot of built-in support. In simple terms, Spring Boot helps you focus on building features instead of worrying about infrastructure.
Now, this is where Spring AI comes in.
Spring AI is not a replacement for Spring Boot — it is an extension to it. You can think of Spring AI as an ecosystem that brings AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) into your existing Spring Boot applications. It provides an abstraction layer that allows you to integrate AI models such as ChatGPT, Gemini, OpenAI, Azure OpenAI, and Hugging Face directly into your Java backend.
♦Instead of writing separate Python services or calling AI APIs manually, Spring AI lets you interact with these models using familiar Spring concepts like services, configurations, and dependency injection. This means you can add features like chatbots, content generation, recommendations, or intelligent automation right inside your Spring Boot application in a clean and maintainable way.
If you’re new to Spring Boot or need a refresher, I’ve already written several articles about the Spring Framework on my blog — you can check them out to get a stronger foundation before diving deeper into Spring AI.
- Secure Your Spring Boot Application with Spring Security.
- Configuring a Spring Boot Application with H2 Database.
- Let’s create a simple CRUD application using Spring Boot with MongoDB.
- Creating a Simple CRUD Application with Spring Boot and MySQL.
Spring AI vs Spring BootSimply, Spring Boot is all about building traditional web applications and microservices quickly. Spring AI, on the other hand, focuses on integrating AI and machine learning into those applications. So while Spring Boot handles the application architecture and backend services, Spring AI adds intelligence and automation capabilities on top of that.
Why do we need Spring AI?As software continues to evolve, AI is no longer something extra, it’s quickly becoming a core part of modern applications. Today, users expect features like smart chat assistants, personalized recommendations, automated content generation, and intelligent search. But for many developers, especially those working with Java and Spring Boot, adding these capabilities has traditionally been complicated and frustrating.
Without Spring AI, integrating AI usually means dealing with multiple external APIs, writing a lot of custom code, managing different SDKs, and sometimes even running separate Python services just to support one feature. This makes projects harder to build, harder to maintain, and harder to scale. Instead of focusing on creating value for users, developers often get stuck fighting integration and infrastructure issues.
♦This is exactly where Spring AI changes the game.
Spring AI brings AI into the Spring ecosystem in a clean and structured way. It allows developers to work with powerful AI models using the same familiar Spring patterns they already know configuration, dependency injection, services, and repositories. AI stops being something “outside” your system and becomes a natural part of your backend architecture.
when we use Spring AI,
- Clean Code and less code
- Provider change easy (OpenAI → Gemini → Azure)
- Prompt templates available
ChatClient chatClient;
String response = chatClient
.prompt("Hellooo Maleesha...")
.call()
.content();
clean & readable!!!!!!!!
In other words, Spring AI lets you add intelligence to your applications without adding chaos. It simplifies development, improves maintainability, and makes it much easier to build real-world AI-powered products using Java and Spring Boot.
Okay now let’s see how Spring AI use in the practical scenarios.
How Spring AI is usedSpring AI is not just a theory or a new buzzword. It is designed to be used in real, production-grade applications. With Spring AI, you can bring powerful AI features directly into your Spring Boot backend and expose them to web or mobile frontends just like any other API.
One of the most common use cases is building chatbots. Using Spring AI, you can easily create customer support bots, internal developer assistants, or even Sinhala–English bilingual chatbots. These bots can understand user questions, talk naturally, and provide useful answers by connecting your Spring Boot app to large language models like ChatGPT or Gemini.
♦Another powerful use case is code-related AI tools. With Spring AI, you can build systems that explain code, find bugs, suggest refactoring, or even generate code. This can be used to create internal developer tools or smart IDE assistants that run on your own backend.
Spring AI also makes it easy to work with documents. For example, users can upload PDFs or Word files and ask questions like, “Give me the answer from this document.” Behind the scenes, Spring AI can read the document, understand its content, and use AI models to return accurate answers. This is incredibly useful for legal documents, reports, manuals, and knowledge bases.
You can also use Spring AI for text summarization turning long articles, meeting notes, or reports into short, clear summaries. This helps users save time and quickly understand large amounts of information.
In real-world systems, Spring AI often acts as a bridge between the frontend and the AI model. A typical flow looks like this,
User / Frontend
|
v
Spring Boot Controller
|
v
Spring AI (ChatClient, EmbeddingClient)
|
v
OpenAI / Gemini / Azure OpenAI
The frontend sends a request to a Spring Boot controller. That controller uses Spring AI’s ChatClient or EmbeddingClient to communicate with an AI model. The model processes the request and sends back a response, which is then returned to the frontend. To the frontend, it feels just like calling any normal REST API.
Spring AI also supports multiple AI providers out of the box, including OpenAI (ChatGPT), Azure OpenAI, Google Gemini, Hugging Face, and even local models through Ollama. This means you are not locked into one vendor you can switch models without rewriting your entire application.
At a conceptual level, using Spring AI is surprisingly simple. A Spring Boot controller can accept a question from the user, send it to an AI model using Spring AI, and return the result as an API response. The heavy lifting API calls, model handling, prompt formatting, and response parsing is all handled by Spring AI itself.
Here,
Add Spring AI dependency
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-ai-openai-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
Configure API key in application.yml
spring:
ai:
openai:
api-key: YOUR_OPENAI_API_KEY
chat:
options:
model: gpt-4o-mini
Create AI Controller
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/ai")
public class AiController {
private final ChatClient chatClient;
public AiController(ChatClient chatClient) {
this.chatClient = chatClient;
}
@GetMapping("/ask")
public String ask(@RequestParam String question) {
return chatClient
.prompt(question)
.call()
.content();
}
}
Now your frontend whether it’s built with React, Flutter, or plain JavaScript can simply call an endpoint like,
/api/ai/ask?question=What is Spring AI?
Behind the scenes, Spring Boot receives the request, Spring AI sends the question to the selected LLM (for example, ChatGPT or Gemini), and the AI’s response is returned back to the frontend as plain text or JSON.
From the frontend’s point of view, it’s just another backend API. But under the hood, that API is powered by one of the most advanced AI models in the world.
♦This is what makes Spring AI so powerful, it lets you build AI features the same way you build any other Spring Boot feature. You write a controller, inject a client, and let Spring AI take care of all the AI complexity in the background.
Spring AI currently supports:
- OpenAI (ChatGPT)
- Azure OpenAI
- Google Gemini
- HuggingFace
- Ollama (Local LLMs)
Now that we’ve seen what Spring AI can do and how it fits into a real application, it’s important to step back and look at it from a practical point of view. Understanding both its strengths and its limitations will give us a clearer picture of where Spring AI truly shines and where it still has room to grow. So, let’s take a closer look at the advantages and disadvantages of Spring AI.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Spring AILike any technology, Spring AI comes with both strengths and limitations. Understanding these helps you decide when and where it makes sense to use it.
Advantages
- Fast AI integration for Java applications
Spring AI allows you to add AI features such as chat, summarization, and recommendations to your Spring Boot apps quickly, without building complex integrations from scratch. - Feels natural for Spring developers
Since Spring AI follows Spring’s design patterns, developers who already know Spring Boot can start using it with very little learning curve. - No need to switch to another language
Java developers don’t have to move to Python just to use AI. You can stay in the Spring ecosystem and still build powerful AI-driven features.
Disadvantages
- Fewer AI libraries than Python
Python still has the largest ecosystem for machine learning and deep learning. Spring AI focuses more on integrating existing AI models rather than building and training models from scratch. - Still new and evolving
Spring AI is relatively new, which means its community, tutorials, and real-world examples are still growing compared to more mature AI platforms.
okay now let’s move forward to explore the career potential,
Learning Spring AI can be valuable if you’re a Java developer looking to enter AI development without learning a new language like Python. It’s also a good skill for companies that already use Spring Boot and want to add AI features.
Before moving to the conclusion, let’s take a brief look at a comparison between Spring AI and Python to get a clearer perspective on how they differ.
Spring AI vs Python (LangChain)When people talk about AI development, Python almost always comes up and for good reason. Python has a massive ecosystem of AI and machine learning libraries, along with powerful frameworks like LangChain, which is widely used to connect large language models with tools, agents, vector databases, and complex workflows. In the Python world, this combination is especially popular for research, experimentation, and data heavy AI applications.
LangChain, in particular, is designed for developers who want to build advanced AI systems. It supports concepts like chains, agents, tools, and vector databases, making it ideal for creating intelligent pipelines, research prototypes, and AI driven workflows. If you are deeply involved in data science, model training, or AI research, Python and LangChain remain the strongest choice.
Spring AI, however, comes from a very different direction.
Spring AI is built for the Java and Spring ecosystem, with a strong focus on enterprise-grade backend systems. Instead of targeting AI researchers or data scientists, Spring AI is designed for backend developers who want to add AI features like chat, search, recommendations, or document processing into existing business applications.
In a typical company environment, backend systems are already running on Spring Boot. Spring AI allows those systems to become AI powered without rewriting everything in Python. It follows Spring’s architecture, configuration style, and production ready mindset, making it much easier to deploy, scale, and maintain AI features in large systems.
In short, Python with LangChain is excellent for AI-heavy, experimental, and data driven work, while Spring AI is ideal for production backend applications that need AI capabilities. Python gives you unmatched flexibility and a huge AI ecosystem, but Spring AI gives Java teams a clean, stable, and enterprise-friendly way to bring AI into their applications.
♦They are not really competitors they are tools built for different worlds. Python leads in AI innovation and research, while Spring AI shines in turning that innovation into reliable, real world backend systems.
So now we have a proper understanding,
Spring AI represents an exciting new chapter for Java and Spring developers. It brings the power of modern AI and large language models into a familiar, production ready ecosystem, making it easier than ever to build intelligent, real world applications. Whether you want to create chatbots, analyze documents, generate content, or add smart automation to your backend, Spring AI gives you a clean and scalable way to do it.
While Python will always remain strong in AI research and experimentation, Spring AI opens the door for Java teams to confidently build AI powered products without leaving the Spring world they already know and trust. That’s what makes it so powerful. It doesn’t replace what you have, it enhances it.
If you’re a Spring developer curious about AI, this is a perfect time to start exploring Spring AI. The ecosystem is growing fast, and getting in early can give you both technical confidence and a career advantage.
Thanks for reading, and I hope this article helped you see how exciting the future of Spring and AI really is. Happy coding, and see you in the next one! 🚀
♦What is Spring AI? was originally published in Code Like A Girl on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.